My Tuesday class was a review on color theory. Painting is like a balancing act. One weak point and it all comes tumbling
down. As you learn new aspects of
painting, some of the earlier ones are overlooked or ignored. So it was requested that I explain color
from the beginning again.
Whether you use the standard color wheel or the Munsell
wheel, the basic theories apply. The
only difference I can see between the two color wheels is that the Munsell
wheel limits orange and expands the blue range. Adding a bit more blue to all your color mixes would satisfy
the Munsell theory. It pays to study
the color wheel to learn the relationships of dominant color and complement and
their discords. I use the standard
color wheel in my classes.
Okay, back to the basics – For successful color mixing you
need to understand the three properties of color. First, decide what basic color the object in question is. It can only be one of six colors – yellow,
orange, red, violet, blue or green. Don’t
think in terms of brown, gold, peach, aqua, etc. Then the questions –
- What
is its Hue? Looking at the
color wheel, determine which immediate neighbor the color leans
toward. If your color is yellow –
does it lean toward orange or toward green? Another aspect of hue is temperature. As the color leans toward its cooler
neighbor, it becomes cooler; as it leans the other way toward its warmer
neighbor, it becomes warmer. (So
now you know how you can easily adjust the temperature of a color.)
- What
is its Tone? I ask my
students to think in terms of black and white. Is it light, medium or dark?
- What
is its Intensity? How
bright or saturated is the color?
If the color is yellow, is it the intensity of a lemon, or dull
like tarnished brass, or somewhere in between?
And now the role of the complement. Because light is composed of the three
primary colors – yellow, red and blue, all three colors are needed to reproduce
colors in a natural way. These three
primaries are the base for all colors.
Looking at the color wheel, we see that the color’s complement is
directly opposite the color.
Interestingly, a color and its complement contain all three primaries. Without the introduction of the complement,
colors look raw and garish. The complement will calm a color that is too bright. A bit of
the complement is added to the shadow side of an object to darken and slightly
neutralize the color. And the
complement is the opposite color temperature and gives you a nice play of warm
and cool. Fascinating stuff.
Neutrals. Mixing a color with its complement produces colorful and
very useful neutrals. They can be
either warm or cool, depending on the proportion of colors used. This mixture can be further adjusted with white
to make soft, colorful grays. The use of neutral or subdued colors is very important in your painting as most colors straight from the tube are too intense to be used alone.
And the discords. They are the small bits of spice that
adds excitement and balance to your painting. They are most effective in the focal area. The discords form an equilateral triangle on the color wheel with the
dominant color at one of the three points. Together these
three points contain all three primary colors. As an example, if your dominant color is green, then orange and purple are your discords.
Taking the time to understand color theory will give you a good
starting point. I believe color harmony in a painting is
more important than exactly replicating the colors you see. Once you understand the theory of color, you will be able to make
proper artistic choices. This is just the beginning of the fascinating world of color theory. You will learn more as you continue painting, experimenting and studying.
Thank you for visiting,
Celene
www.CeleneFarris.com